6 Good Manual Focus M42 Russian Lenses For Your DSLR

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From Russia with love

 Makshim Gorky - A true hero of the proletariat

 (image courtesy wikipedia)

A few days back I was reading some photography monthly and I happened to chance upon a small article about the Zenitar fisheye and how supposedly cheap it was given the superior optics. Did I read that somewhere or was it some peripheral memory or did I dream that in my sleep? By accident or by twist of fate, there exactly, like Alice falls into the rabbit hole, I suddenly stumbled into another alternate world of cameras and camera optics.  

Welcome to the world of Russian photography. 

 Zorki S (image courtesy wikipedia)

 These lenses with uncommon names (Tair, Volna, Industar), uncommon mechanics and build are solid alright, but they also perform like tanks with little or no subtlety (or is it?). To the photography world they may be an abomination but when it comes to price, they win hands down.

State Historical Museum area Moscow (image courtesy wikipedia)

Russian camera legacy dates back to the communist golden era of the 40s, 50s and 60s. These lenses are the cherished artifacts of the rich and diverse Russian industrial heritage. One look at them and you will know what I mean. Built to last forever (such were those times) and offering good optics for an extremely affordable price, these lenses could now really make photography ‘people’s art’ again. 

 Opticians' Square in Krasnogorsk, with KMZ factory buildings in the background

Due to the Canon and Nikon domination of the market today, users have very limited options. Both Canon and Nikon (and also many other companies) have millions of dollars for R&D, these Russian companies do not.

Though not without some imperfections, Russian lenses have a character that cannot be matched by any other major mass produced lenses. Even if they are from the same batch and same mechanics, each Russian lens comes with its own quirks, its own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. As far as I know, they do not have plastic optics inside, its real glass. Their barrels are not made of plastic, its solid metal. Some of them weigh almost a kilo (Jupiter 21M at 980 grams). Both the glass and the metal itself perfectly justify the price tag. 

Nizhny Novgorod Planetarium and Circus (image courtesy wikipedia

Availability

These lenses are available from a variety of vendors online, especially on ebay, where you can get them for very low price (always be careful when buying from ebay). Other sellers include rugift and top35mm. Prices from rugift seem a bit inflated. I would rather prefer to buy from top35mm as it has a very Russian feel to it (their English is funny)  this website looks very unpretentious and thankfully a brief lens description is also provided. Don’t forget to look in your local stores or classifieds too. Usually on ebay they appear to be cheaper when on the camera. Just my two cents. 

For more information on Russian lenses, cameras and other accessories go to USSR Photo dot com which is a repository of information on sellers and other details.

Also top35mm is offering these M42 Russian lenses with built in adapter that has focus confirm chip for Nikon, Canon, Sony (both alpha and NEX), Pentax mounts and even for micro-four-thirds system. Isn’t that great?

Price

Prices vary from model to model and seller to seller. It also depends on whether you are buying used or new (better buy new). The best prices seem to be available on ebay and from local Russian sellers. There is atleast 5-30 dollars difference from seller to seller on an average. So it’s better to do proper research on prices and sellers before buying. Given the price point they are excellent for hobby photographers.

Quality

Here like everything Russian, it’s only a divine mystery (haha). You can never really know the quality (like everything Russian). It’s reportedly either a hit or miss, but you never know. Quality is widely varied on different models and from year to year and also from lens to lens in the same batch. There is also a risk of fakes, but that can be avoided by purchasing only from reputed sellers (nothing less than 99% on ebay). Ironically enough the Russian lenses themselves are knock offs of Zeiss and other East German lenses. Strange world we live in.

Handling

Some of these lenses are so heavy you might need an extra arm. No kidding. Some of them can weigh more than a kilo (Tair 3 at 1.6KG) and that makes them extremely difficult to maneuver. Given the light gathering capability and lack of auto focus these lenses need careful handling. Tripod is more or less necessary when using lenses like Jupiter 21M not only because of the lens but also because the auto and manual aperture switches which are located on the lens.  Also better be careful as these lenses are not only heavy but also usually with no brackets or sockets for tripod mounting. Its no hanky panky business with these lenses. Remember there are also others that are not as heavy.  

Helios 44M

Drawbacks/risks

As they are subject to manual focus, they won’t be easy to focus. Lot of manual effort is needed (don’t be frustrated). As they are slow they are not suited to certain types of photography like sports (but still!) or even commercial photography (fashion, wedding), but rest assured nobody will sue you if you do. 

 Highlights

• Affordability (10 bucks? Seriously?)
• Novelty (do you know anybody who has one?....exactly)
• Killer looks
• Sturdy build (Can also be used as an emergency projectile, heavy enough to break human bones)
• Minimal or low Chromatic Aberration (depending on the model)

Some of my favorite Russian lenses 

Remember all Russian lenses are made for both export and domestic use. It is said, but not proven though, they say mostly the ones meant for export are of better quality. So how to know if the lens you are going to order is meant for export???. Models meant for export reportedly have roman characters as opposed to the ones with Cyrillic characters which are meant for domestic use. Example: Mir 1B is domestic, Mir 1V is export (both are the same lens). Russian V is B (BOCTOK? VOSTOK? Remember?) (Oh btw on a completely different note, I lobe Vostok automatic watches, haha)

When buying lenses, first of all check flickr for images shot with the particular lens to gauge the photographic output. That way you will have a better idea if you really want to buy the lens and what kind of work you can do with it.  

Mir 1B (or V) (image courtesy wikipedia) 

Mir 1V 37mm f2.8

I just fell in love with this lens. I was checking out some pictures of Mir 1V on flickr and I gasped in awe and amazement at the superior quality. There is nothing cosmetic either about their looks or their output. The Mir 1V will NOT give you dense colors (who needs em anyway) but the detail and contrast is something beyond extraordinary. Its design is based on the Zeiss Flektogon. The output is out of this world. It is produced at the VOMZ (BOM3) plant in Vologda, Vologodsky district, Russia.

The Jupiter 11A 135mm f4

This lens has a 10 by 10 rating for sharpness, handling and value on Pentax forums.  This is a different lens from Jupiter 11. For a low price of the lens you have superb IQ, brilliant colors, excellent corner to corner sharpness and rendition. There are both silver and black versions, silver being the older model.

The Jupiter 21M 200mm f4.0

Some say the color rendition, sharpness and overall looks of this lens surpass even the famous Minolta beercan (literally has more weight than beer can at 980grams, that’s almost a kilo) Others are also of the opinion that it is far better than the Sony SAL 75-300 and is markedly sharp at all apertures. Automatic Diaphragm. On a APS-C camera the focal length would be 300mm (which means extraordinary close-up portraits/macro shots, just go wild)  

Industar 61 L/Z

This lens has almost the same specifications as Volna 9 (which is also a great lens btw). Some are of the opinion that its better than Volna 9, some differ. However I have discounted Volna 9 from the list solely based on its price, which costs double than the Industar. Being a budget photographer I personally would rather choose the Industar.

Jupiter 9 85mm f2.0

This lens is in its own class. At 85mm (more than 100mm on an APS-C DSLR) this can make an excellent portrait or macro lens. Keep in mind colors are not its strongest point (a little bit neutral). Its contrast and rendering is amazing. If your lens has a hood fine, if not, better get a multi-coated version as a lot of users online reported some flare.  There are good and bad version of this lens. So better buy from a reputed seller. 

Tair 3 300mm f4.5 (Photosniper 12s)

Camera, lens and the gun mount of the Tair 3 Photosniper

Coming from a company like KMZ which makes sniper scopes for the military, this lens should not come to you as a surprise. It weighs 1.6 kilograms and that is quite a heft. Image quality according to reports is top notch. These lenses come in two versions. With and without the Photosniper 12s Gun (not a real gun ofcourse, it just looks it ;) and comes in a huge box.

Just a word of caution though. You may be the greatest photo journalist in the world, but never go into a politically charged/war torn/socially restless area with this photo sniper. If somebody shoots your funky posterior down, that's nobody’s mistake. You have been warned.

Note that apart from these there are hundreds of other great lenses to choose in the Russian lineup. These represent only a small fraction which happen to be my personal favorites.

Conclusion:  These Russian lenses win on two aspects price and quality. Convenience and speed are not their specialty, but for hobby photographers who want to really learn the ropes of photography, these lenses could provide excellent opportunity to do so. Learning the old fashioned way has never hurt any one. If you got deep pockets, or a rich dad or relative or friend, you can go ahead and splurge your money on those over hyped plastic lenses with plastic optics that cost a bomb, but the rest of us know for sure we are in good hands. There's no school like the old school.

Here is another article about old lenses. should you really buy them ? read on...

 

 --Viisshnu Vardhan--  

P.S: Hey how about the Review of the Sony a200 DSLR and there's a story about how I lost and found it ?

Here you go: http://subliminalwhispers.blogspot.in/2015/10/sony-a200-review-2015-or-how-i-got-my.html 

Using old manual focus film camera lenses on Sony alpha DSLRs

                                                                Sony a200 DSLR

                                                           (image courtesy Wikipedia)

Let me guess. You just bought a Sony DSLR and contemplating on the high prices of Sony lenses and flustered by the rising prices of Minolta lenses, right? Dont worry, its perfectly normal. As a Sony shooter myself, I assure you, you are in good hands. You can congratulate yourself  that you didnt go with the flock and if you are here then it is by no means an accident. Its destiny. haha.

You better have time because this is going to be a long read.

Now lets get into the details. 

When I bought my Sony A-200 DSLR  there was huge outcry from my peers, seniors and friends, like I just murdered Christ. They were horrified at me for not choosing either a Canon or Nikon. They told me a thousand reasons - not many lenses, high lens prices, not so strong body. How could I tell them that I was cash poor and couldnt afford those brands? I didnt.

I was first impressed with Sony when I saw pics of the DSLR on flickr. I was astounded by the clean lines and dimensions which were a far cry from cameras by other manufacturers.

So coming back to the lenses part. Sony doesnt have many lenses? There are only a few lenses to choose from? Fine. How many lenses would you buy for your DSLR in your lifetime? 1? 2? 3? 5?10? An average photog needs just 3 lenses. A wide angle, a normal and a telephoto, not much else is needed. Ofcourse if you are a pro even 20 lenses might not be sufficient. Just figure of speech.

When I bought my Sony a200 I didnt have that many big plans to increase my inventory but, in the last few months I discovered during my photowalks that a kit lens wasn't a sufficient option for challenging tasks. Something crucial was missing. Or is it just me?

I started to research Minolta lenses and to my horror realized that the prices have already climbed up. Thanks to Sony's rising popularity as a DSLR brand. Good for them. Bad for me. Even on fleabay, they are overpriced. The sub $50 lenses are all gone and the beercan is going for somewhere between $150 and $300 and I am not in a position to buy something at that price.

This whole finding lenses ordeal seemed like a dead end. UNTIL NOW.

If you cant afford what they have that's not a problem. Now together lets get creative.

If Nikon and Canon are likened to religions, then where does that leave us? To help save our secular vision, some good folks out there made Adapters (ofcourse you know about adapters already). Lens Mount Adapters really open the door and into probably another dimension where only the sky is limit. How? With a proper adapter any lenses can be used on any DSLR body. Buuut, no, I am not pulling you down but...there are a few limitations. Relax no big deal. You just have to compromise on a few conveniences, but isn't that a fair trade off??? Here is why you don't need an auto-focus system in your camera: 

So I was in no way ready to buy new lenses for my Sony DSLR and was researching alternate options. I realized I had four K mount lenses in pristine condition in my shoe box which can be readily used. How can they be used on my Sony body?. Then I found adapters in fleabay that can be used to mount my K, PK mount lenses on my Sony DSLR body, viola, I am all set now. How much does the adapter cost? Just $6. 

The lenses I have are: 

1) Auto Zoom Sears Multi Coated 1:4.0 80-200mm telephoto lens (made in Korea)

2) Auto Sears Multi Coated 1:2.8 28mm prime lens (made in Korea)

3) Auto Chinon 1:1.9 50mm prime lens (made in Japan)

4) SMC Pentax-A 1:2 50mm prime lens (made in Japan? China? Korea?)

Though these lenses don't cost much, they have top billing in performance, optical quality and photographic output.

How I got these lenses is another story altogether. May be another post for another time. 

Remember no matter what mount, a lens is a lens. Some are exceptional, some normal and some not so good. There are also photogs who make great pictures even with bad lenses. Lenses are just tools, only what you want to see in your picture is more important. 

Here is why old manual lenses are better than your $1000 lens

K, PK  Mount Lenses For Sony DSLRs

K, PK lens mount was proprietary for Pentax and was introduced in 1975.

With a K, PK mount adapter you will now have access to a huge pool of manual focus lenses that are available extremely cheap both online and offline. Most of the major lens companies have made atleast some lenses in K mount. Companies like Vivitar, Sigma, Agfa, Kiron, Sears, Chinon, Soligor, Quantaray, Takumar have all made K mount lenses and they are all floating out there for the taking. At one point in history Carl Zeiss actually hired Sigma to make lenses for them in the K mount. Such was the popularity of K mount lenses in their era. There are also hundreds of lesser known companies like Beroflex, Kalimar, Cimko and Hanimex, that have made ultra performing but underrated K mount lenses. So figuratively you have thousands of extraordinary lenses to choose from.

But if you want only Minolta lenses and Minolta class optical quality, but cant afford the Minolta alpha 'a' mount lenses, you can look into some MC and MD lenses from Minolta. They are available at a little bit lesser price and sometimes at a very lesser price than 'a' mounts. You can use a appropriate adapter for the lens to mount it on your Sony body. Remember there is no auto-focus on MC, MD mounts. I personally have a 135mm 1:3.5 MD Rokkor prime lens which is sturdily built. It came with my Minolta XG-M. The optics on this lens are legendary. When I look through the viewfinder and focus on the subject it feels so magical.

The greatest and probably the best thing about manual focus lenses is that all of them are full frame. Ok you have APS-C sensor, fine, but doesn't it sound good that you have a full frame manual focus lens?. The depth of field is same as on full frame (35mm film) cameras albeit with the crop factor, which obviously cant be helped. On these manual focus lenses additionally there is no electrical frill and the probability of lens malfunctioning is almost zero because of that. Once the glass/barrel is cleaned and oiled, manual focus lenses run for decades without any hassles. Can anyone guarantee the same for the latest DSLR automatic/auto-focus/auto whatever lenses??? 

Adapters with glass elements

It is widely assumed that adapters with glass elements don't perform well. Well, that seems true as many people I have inquired both online and offline have said the same thing. The only thing they seem to be good at is macro, but then again the quality of photographic output is reportedly not so good. So better stay away from them.    

Chipped Adapters

Chipped adapters come with a fixed focal length programmed into the chip. It cannot by itself auto-focus but, when you manual focus and the subject is in focus it beeps, so you know when to click the shutter. 

Actually you can do without auto-focus. You want to become a better photographer? Ditch your auto-focus system. Instead learn to focus manually. Yes, I am telling you, you don't need it.

M42 Screw Mount Lenses

As the name suggests, this mount is built to be screwed into the camera body. Probably there are tons and tons of these lenses floating around both online and offline. The best feature of these lenses is that infinity focus is available on them. With an adapter for your Sony body, your creative options are actually limitless with M42 lenses. These days the M42 lenses are going for anywhere from $5 to $20. Some acclaimed names in M42 lenses are Olympus Zuiko, Fujinon, Helios, Carl Zeiss, Mamiya/Sekor (Sekor for Sekonic, a light meter manufacturing company later acquired by Zeiss). For M42 lens database click here.

Its not all hunky dory though. There are some points to ponder before buying lenses, mounting them on your camera and clicking pictures.

·                     Remember there is small percentage of lenses that cannot be used on your camera body. Adapters are not available for those lenses.

·                     Read the reviews before you buy any lens.

·                     Try to avoid the fleabay.

·                     You don't have auto-focus with manual lenses (you don't need it anyway)

·                     T mount is not the same as M42 mount. There's a difference in the size of the threads.

·                     You need to almost always shoot in manual mode (Which isn't so bad as you can use your brain for a change

·                     Match the aperture on the lens to what you are shooting. Check the exposure. Shoot at the widest aperture with the smallest f number or as per your convenience.

·                     Lenses can get stuck on camera bodies, so be careful while mounting and dismounting.

·                     M42 lenses cannot be used with Nikon DSLR cameras (as far as I know).

·                     The actual photographic output will depend on a variety of variable factors like lens condition, camera condition, available light, temperatures etc.  So if you make a bad picture, don't sulk. It probably is not your doing.

·                     Some older lenses have been manufactured using radio-active (no, no, not Hiroshima-Nagasaki, nothing nuclear) coatings, so better not open them or use them carelessly.

·                     Always buy clean fungus-free/dust-free lenses or you can seriously damage your DSLR. If you happen to find good lenses at cheap prices but has fungus, then first get them cleaned by a professional and only then use.

·                     Google 'flange distance' first and find your lens's. Hint: mirror mirror on the wall.

·                     Evil/Compact/Mirror-less/ cameras like NEX, Sony SLT cameras, Olympus OMD-5 are brilliantly compatible and perform excellently when used with old manual focus film camera lenses. Yes, its true. Mazeltov.

·                     Remember this whole article is intended for the poor/non-pro photographer who doesn't have much money to spend on jingbang lenses. If you can afford gear then you can go ahead and buy 'em.    

[A lot of time, energy, research (not to mention eye strain) and some money was involved in preparing this article. So on that note I would like to know if you liked this article. I don't need anything from my readers, just some acknowledgment by way of feed back or comments. I just want to know if this was useful to you in any way. That is all. Fair enough? Thank you. Have a good day.]